Hatanaka J, Doke N, Harada T, Aikawa T, Enomoto M
Jpn J Exp Med. 1982 Oct;52(5):243-53.
The toxicity and carcinogenicity of number of chemicals, for which there are toxicity and/or carcinogenicity data in mouse and rat, were tested in medaka, a small aquarium fish (Oryzias latipes). The water-soluble chemicals were dissolved in the water and the water-insoluble chemicals were incorporated into the diet. Observation for 24 wk revealed induction of liver cell carcinoma by 6 chemicals; aflatoxins B1 and G1, sterigmatocystin, ortho-aminoazotoluene, methylazoxymethanol acetate and N-nitrosodiethylamine. In medaka fed PCB or DDT only preneoplastic liver cell nodules were observed. No evident carcinogenicity was found in medaka treated with 2-fluorenylamine, 2-fluorenylacetamide, DL-ethionine, luteoskyrin, ochratoxin A, phenobarbital, 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil, sodium benzoate, 2,3,4,5,6-penta-O-acetyl-D-gluconyl isothiocyanate, citrinin and fusarenon X, respectively, although toxic lesions or hyperplastic changes were demonstrated histologically. These results confirm the practical utility and rapidity of the use of medaka for screening carcinogenicity and toxicity of chemicals, since neoplastic or toxic morphological changes develop rapidly following administration of relatively small quantities of test materials.
对多种化学品进行了毒性和致癌性测试，这些化学品在小鼠和大鼠中有毒性和/或致癌性数据，测试对象是小型观赏鱼青鳉（Oryzias latipes）。水溶性化学品溶解于水中，水不溶性化学品混入饲料中。24周的观察发现，6种化学品可诱发肝细胞癌，分别是黄曲霉毒素B1和G1、杂色曲霉素、邻氨基偶氮甲苯、乙酸甲基氧化偶氮甲醇和N-亚硝基二乙胺。在仅喂食多氯联苯或滴滴涕的青鳉中，仅观察到癌前肝细胞结节。用2-芴基胺、2-芴基乙酰胺、DL-乙硫氨酸、藤黄菌素、赭曲霉毒素A、苯巴比妥、1-(2-四氢呋喃基)-5-氟尿嘧啶、苯甲酸钠、2,3,4,5,6-五-O-乙酰基-D-葡糖基异硫氰酸酯、桔霉素和镰刀菌烯醇X分别处理青鳉后，虽在组织学上显示出毒性损伤或增生性变化，但未发现明显的致癌性。这些结果证实了使用青鳉筛查化学品致癌性和毒性的实用性和快速性，因为在给予相对少量的测试材料后，肿瘤或毒性形态学变化会迅速出现。
