Glucose sensor characteristics for miniaturized portable closed-loop insulin delivery: a step toward implantation.

An implantable glucose sensor must be free of baseline and sensitivity drift. To our knowledge, a drift-free glucose sensor with fast response time is not currently available. We are therefore proposing a miniature extracorporeal glucose sensor with access to the vascular system as a practical step toward implantation. This sensor could use existing technology to form the basis of a patient-wearable closed-loop system.