Foos R Y
Am J Ophthalmol. 1978 Sep;86(3):354-8. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(78)90239-8.
Holes of the peripheral retina, defined as full-thickness breaks of trophic origin with no associated flap or free operculum, were found in 136 (2.4%) eyes from 2,800 autopsied subjects. Primary retinal holes (those with no indication of a proximal causative lesion and with no lattice degeneration in either eye) occurred in only eight of the 5,600 eyes studied; all were unilateral, single, less than 0.25 disk diameter in size, within the basal zone, and in eyes from elderly subjects. Secondary holes were found in 128 (2.3%) of eyes and of these, lattice degeneration was the most common cause (103). Other lesions complicated by hole formation included zonular traction tufts (10), chorioretinitis (9), meridional folds (3), and pavingstone degeneration (2). Retinal holes in surgically aphakic eyes did not differ qualitatively or quantitatively from those in age-matched phakic eyes.
在2800例尸检对象的136只（2.4%）眼中发现了周边视网膜裂孔，其定义为营养性来源的全层裂孔，无相关皮瓣或游离盖瓣。在研究的5600只眼中，原发性视网膜裂孔（即无近端致病病变迹象且双眼均无格子样变性的裂孔）仅出现8只；均为单侧、单个，大小小于0.25视盘直径，位于基底区内，且见于老年受试者的眼中。在128只（2.3%）眼中发现了继发性裂孔，其中格子样变性是最常见的原因（103只）。其他并发裂孔形成的病变包括小带牵引簇（10只）、脉络膜视网膜炎（9只）、子午线皱褶（3只）和铺路石样变性（2只）。手术无晶状体眼中的视网膜裂孔在性质或数量上与年龄匹配的有晶状体眼无差异。
