Conte H R, Weiner M B, Plutchik R
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1982 Oct;43(4):775-85. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.43.4.775.
This study was undertaken to construct a brief, reliable, and valid questionnaire for measuring attitudes toward death and dying. In Stage 1, four groups of individuals ranging in age from 30 to 82 years completed the Death Anxiety Questionnaire (DAQ), a brief anxiety scale (MAS), and a depression scale (DP). During Stage 2, results on these scales were cross-validated on a new sample of subjects, and the Templer and Dickstein measures of death anxiety were also completed. Internal consistency of the DAQ as determined by coefficient alpha was .83 (n = 230) and test-retest reliability was .87 (n = 30). No significant sex or age differences were found for any of the groups tested. Results provided evidence for both construct and concurrent validity of the DAQ and for discriminant validity of the items. A principal-components factor analysis suggested four independent dimensions of death anxiety: Fear of the Unknown; Fear of Suffering; Fear of Loneliness; and Fear of Personal Extinction. Recommendations for future research include an investigation of the degree to which scores on these four dimensions might differentiate among different sex, age, personality, affective, and diagnostic groupings.
本研究旨在构建一份简短、可靠且有效的问卷，用于测量对死亡和濒死的态度。在第一阶段，四组年龄在30至82岁之间的个体完成了死亡焦虑问卷（DAQ）、一份简短焦虑量表（MAS）和一份抑郁量表（DP）。在第二阶段，这些量表的结果在一个新的受试者样本上进行了交叉验证，同时还完成了Templer和Dickstein的死亡焦虑测量。由系数α确定的DAQ内部一致性为0.83（n = 230），重测信度为0.87（n = 30）。在所有测试组中均未发现显著的性别或年龄差异。结果为DAQ的结构效度和同时效度以及各项目的区分效度提供了证据。主成分因子分析表明死亡焦虑有四个独立维度：对未知的恐惧；对痛苦的恐惧；对孤独的恐惧；对个人灭绝的恐惧。对未来研究的建议包括调查这四个维度的得分在不同性别、年龄、人格、情感和诊断分组之间的差异程度。
