Anderhuber F, Reimann R
Morphol Med. 1982 May;2(2):109-22.
An acute increasing pressure in the renal pelvis effects the phenomenon of pyelo-renal backflow. There is a confusing number of ways of the pyelo-renal backflow described so far, yet only few types of these ways can be verified by various and detailed investigations. 1. The pyelo-tubulous backflow (ptR) is a true backflow of the contents of the renal pelvis into the tubuli of the kidney. In no case tubuli rupture, because other ways of backflow are preferred instead of. 2. The pyelo-sinous extravasation (SE) is an outflow of the contents of the pelvis into the renal sinus owing to a rupture of the fornix. Starting from the ruptured fornix a descending extravasation spreads out between the pelvic wall and the adipose tissue in renal sinus, whereas an ascending extravasation spreads out between the flank of the pyramid and the adipose tissue. Horn-like arched ascending extravasations have been mistaken frequently for a backflow into the arcuate veins or even into their perivenous spaces. 3. The pyelo-venous backflow (pvR) is a transflow of the contents of the pelvis into an interlobar vein ruptured jointly with the fornix. 4. The pyelo-lymphatic backflow (plR) is a transport of the extravasation via lymph vessels. There can be a single way of backflow as well as divers combinations of the above mentioned types.
肾盂内压力急剧升高会引发肾盂肾反流现象。到目前为止，描述肾盂肾反流的方式众多且令人困惑，但通过各种详细研究仅能证实其中少数几种类型。1. 肾盂肾小管反流（ptR）是肾盂内容物真正反流至肾的小管。在任何情况下小管都不会破裂，因为会优先选择其他反流方式而非此方式。2. 肾盂窦外渗（SE）是由于穹窿破裂导致肾盂内容物流入肾窦。从破裂的穹窿开始，下行性外渗在肾盂壁与肾窦脂肪组织之间扩散，而上行性外渗在肾锥体侧面与脂肪组织之间扩散。角状拱形上行性外渗常被误认为是反流至弓形静脉甚至其静脉周围间隙。3. 肾盂静脉反流（pvR）是肾盂内容物流入与穹窿共同破裂的叶间静脉的一种逆流。4. 肾盂淋巴反流（plR）是外渗物通过淋巴管的运输。反流可能是单一方式，也可能是上述几种类型的多种组合。
