Mirkova E, Antov G, Zaĭkov Kh, Ganchovska V
Probl Khig. 1982;7:60-7.
The objective of the present experimental study was the assessment of organism susceptibility to the toxic xylene effect during gestation period, with a view to elaborating recommendations for female work protection. The experiments were carried out in a comparative aspect in 60 pregnant and 60 virgin, sexually matured female albino rats, exposed to 1850 and 467.8 mg/m3 technical xylene in inhalation chambers--levels 40 and 10 times higher than MAC of the solvent, in the course of 21 days (period of gestation of rats), 5 hours daily, 5 times a week. The assessment of inhalation toxicity of xylene is based on the data from the complex biochemical investigations in serum, liver, brain, myocardium and aorta, supported by pathomorphological studies. Xylene disturbs the balance of serum lipid fractions with both levels of inhalation effect and has a manifested hepatotoxic and cardiovascular effect to pregnant animals. Less manifested disorders in serum lipid profile, liver and the brain of the female, non-pregnant rats, were established with the administration of high xylene concentrations only, suggesting the higher vulnerability of the pregnant organism to the toxic xylene effect. Recommendations for early labour readjustment of pregnant women engaged in xylene production are presented on the base of the data obtained about the disorders of vital functions of organism during gestation period, supported by epidemiological observations and the presence of experimentally established specific embryotoxic effect of xylene at MAC levels.
本实验研究的目的是评估孕期机体对二甲苯毒性作用的易感性，以期制定女性职业防护建议。实验以对比方式在60只怀孕的和60只未孕的、性成熟的雌性白化大鼠身上进行，将它们置于吸入舱中，暴露于浓度为1850和467.8毫克/立方米的工业二甲苯环境中（该浓度分别是该溶剂职业接触限值的40倍和10倍），持续21天（大鼠孕期），每天5小时，每周5次。二甲苯吸入毒性的评估基于血清、肝脏、大脑、心肌和主动脉的综合生化检测数据，并辅以病理形态学研究。二甲苯在两个吸入浓度水平下均会扰乱血清脂质组分的平衡，且对怀孕动物有明显的肝毒性和心血管效应。仅在给予高浓度二甲苯时，未孕雌性大鼠的血清脂质谱、肝脏和大脑出现了不太明显的紊乱，这表明怀孕机体对二甲苯毒性作用的易感性更高。基于孕期机体重要功能紊乱的实验数据，并结合流行病学观察以及二甲苯在职业接触限值水平下具有特定胚胎毒性作用的实验结果，提出了关于从事二甲苯生产的孕妇提前调整工作的建议。
