Sukhorukova N L, Korzhenkova M P, Sigaeva L A, Zybina T M, Maksimova N M
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 1982 Aug(8):112-6.
The coverage of children by immunization against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus during the first 3 years of life as indicated in forms No. 112 and No. 63 in 4 districts of Moscow was studied on the basis of the analysis of 1688 children's development histories. The coverage of children by immunization was found to be on the average 71.7%, fluctuating in individual districts from 58.6% to 85.9%. Immunization against measles covered 41.8% of children with fluctuations 24.2-51.2%. The most frequent reasons for the absence of prophylactic immunization in children during the first 3 years of life, or belated immunization in comparison with the specified terms, were contraindications due to neurological diseases (40.4%), exudative diathesis (15.9%) and recurrent viral infections (16.2%). Medical objections to immunization without sufficient grounds constituted 12.1% of all contraindications; among such objections those given by neuropathologists (9.8%) and pediatricians (2.3%) prevailed. To increase the coverage of children by immunization in the specified terms, the use of such measures as improving work with parents (explaining to them the importance of timely prophylactic immunization) and strict observance of instructions on medical contraindications may be considered most effective.
根据对1688名儿童发育史的分析，研究了莫斯科4个区112号和63号表格所示的1至3岁儿童白喉、百日咳和破伤风免疫接种覆盖率。发现儿童免疫接种覆盖率平均为71.7%，个别区在58.6%至85.9%之间波动。麻疹免疫接种覆盖了41.8%的儿童，波动范围为24.2%至51.2%。1至3岁儿童未进行预防性免疫接种或与规定时间相比免疫接种延迟的最常见原因是神经疾病禁忌症（40.4%）、渗出性素质（15.9%）和复发性病毒感染（16.2%）。无充分理由的医学免疫反对意见占所有禁忌症的12.1%；在这些反对意见中，神经病理学家（9.8%）和儿科医生（2.3%）提出的意见占主导。为了在规定时间内提高儿童免疫接种覆盖率，采取改善与家长的沟通（向他们解释及时进行预防性免疫接种的重要性）以及严格遵守医学禁忌症说明等措施可能被认为是最有效的。
