Jung R
Acta Biol Acad Sci Hung. 1982;33(2-3):201-13.
Goal-directed movements, such as punching and pointing, need preprogramming of postural support and visual control. These processes are recorded in man by EEG, EMG, oculogram, and a platform. The earliest cerebral correlate of voluntary action is the Bereitschaftspotential (readiness potential) or, after a trigger signal, the expectancy wave (CNV). These bilateral negative potential shifts increase to a Zielbewegungspotential (aiming potential) when a goal-directed movement is made, and end with a positive shift, when the goal is reached. During these cerebral potentials an attentive eye saccade is directed towards the target and an ordered sequence of bilateral muscle activations follows. This coordinated motor activity in trunk and leg muscles corresponds to a readiness innervation that prepares body posture and balance. It precedes the final aimed movement of the arm towards the target and postural adjustments such as the compensation of body and head rotation by the vestibular-ocular reflex. The temporal order of the cerebral, oculomotor and muscular events is schematized for punching and pointing movements in a figure. The limits of conscious control and the necessity of automatized learning for voluntary skilled movement under visual control are discussed. Some speculations are made about a possible origin of slow potential shifts by surface negative dipoles in columnar modules of the parasagittal cortex during the programming and monitoring of aimed motion.
诸如拳击和指物等目标导向运动需要对姿势支撑和视觉控制进行预编程。这些过程可通过脑电图（EEG）、肌电图（EMG）、眼电图以及一个平台在人体中记录下来。自愿行动最早的大脑关联物是 Bereitschaftspotential（准备电位），或者在触发信号之后是预期波（CNV）。当进行目标导向运动时，这些双侧负电位偏移会增加到 Zielbewegungspotential（瞄准电位），而当达到目标时，以正电位偏移结束。在这些大脑电位期间，注意力集中的眼跳会朝向目标，随后是双侧肌肉激活的有序序列。躯干和腿部肌肉中的这种协调运动活动对应于一种准备性神经支配，它为身体姿势和平衡做好准备。它先于手臂最终朝向目标的运动以及姿势调整，例如通过前庭眼反射对身体和头部旋转的补偿。大脑、眼球运动和肌肉活动事件的时间顺序在一个图中以示意图的形式表示了拳击和指物运动。讨论了视觉控制下自愿熟练运动中意识控制的限度以及自动学习的必要性。对于矢状旁皮质柱状模块中表面负偶极子在目标导向运动的编程和监测期间慢电位偏移的可能起源进行了一些推测。
