Röhle G, Voigt U, Hesse A, Breuer H
J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1982 Dec;20(12):851-9.
In 1980 and 1981, four quality control surveys for urinary calculus analyses were carried out, within the framework of external quality controls of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Klinische Chemie. During these quality control surveys the participating laboratories received a total of 16 samples (eight pure substances and eight mixtures of two components), to be analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. For the qualitative analyses, a laboratory could provide simplified descriptions of the analytes - for example, without stating the number of molecules of the water of crystallization; or, to the extent permitted by the mode of analysis, the exact chemical composition could be presented. Of 1283 analyses, 818 (64%) attained the goals of the simplified analysis. The most frequent errors in chemical analyses were false negative and false positive results for calcium oxalate, and false negative results for calcium phosphate. Laboratories using analysis by infrared spectroscopy also submitted the biggest proportion of incorrect analyses for these components. The most reliable results were produced by X-ray-diffraction: 86% of the results in this category represented correct differentiated analyses. The generally accurate results achieved by some participants using chemical analysis suggest, however, that - in addition to the principle of analysis used - the qualification of the operator is an important determinant in the reliability of the results.
1980年和1981年，在德国临床化学学会外部质量控制框架内，进行了四次尿结石分析质量控制调查。在这些质量控制调查中，参与实验室共收到16个样本（8种纯物质和8种两种成分的混合物），需进行定性和定量分析。对于定性分析，实验室可以提供分析物的简化描述——例如，不说明结晶水的分子数；或者，在分析方法允许的范围内，可以给出确切的化学成分。在1283次分析中，818次（64%）达到了简化分析的目标。化学分析中最常见的错误是草酸钙的假阴性和假阳性结果，以及磷酸钙的假阴性结果。使用红外光谱分析的实验室对这些成分提交的错误分析比例也最大。最可靠的结果是由X射线衍射产生的：这类结果中86%代表正确的鉴别分析。然而，一些参与者使用化学分析获得的总体准确结果表明，除了所使用的分析原理外，操作人员的资质也是结果可靠性的一个重要决定因素。
