Lindeman R D
J Am Coll Nutr. 1982;1(1):49-73. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1982.10718093.
With the development of accurate and precise techniques for quantifying sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations, a vast literature has been generated indicating that deficits and excesses of these cations in the body create many clinical challenges for the physician. Iron has received its share of attention as the most abundant trace metal in the body, primarily being utilized in the formation of hemoglobin. Zinc is the next most abundant trace element in the body, and evaluation of its role in the biochemistry and pathophysiology of disease is now stimulating a great deal of interest. Deficiencies of the other trace metals also are receiving increasing attention as attempts to evaluate their importance in human nutrition are being made. Studies were not considered reliable until technological advances made it possible, by atomic absorption spectroscopy, neutron activation analysis, and other techniques, to quantify these trace elements accurately and precisely.
随着用于定量钠、钾、钙和镁浓度的准确精密技术的发展，已产生了大量文献，表明体内这些阳离子的缺乏和过量给医生带来了许多临床挑战。铁作为体内最丰富的痕量金属受到了应有的关注，主要用于血红蛋白的形成。锌是体内其次最丰富的微量元素，目前对其在疾病生物化学和病理生理学中的作用的评估引发了极大的兴趣。随着人们试图评估其他痕量金属在人类营养中的重要性，它们的缺乏也越来越受到关注。在原子吸收光谱法、中子活化分析和其他技术使准确精确地定量这些微量元素成为可能之前，相关研究被认为是不可靠的。
