Clausen B, Elvestad K, Karlog O
Nord Vet Med. 1982 Mar;34(3):83-91.
During the severe winter of 1978-79, large numbers of mute swans died in coastal areas in Denmark; of these 2111 were collected for autopsy. The area of origin and the sex of the 2111 swans, 184 of which were ringed, are given in Table I and Fig. 1. At autopsy (Table II) most of the swans were recorded as having died from starvation. Lead pellets were found in only 0.7% of the gizzards (Table III) probably because most ingested pellets had been eroded away before the swans died. The results of analysis of 76 swans selected at autopsy and of the 184 ringed swans show that lead poisoned swans are not always recognized at autopsy (Table III and IV). Ten per cent of the ringed swans carried more than 7 mg lead per kg liver wet weight (Ww) and 34% more than 3 mg/kg (Ww) (Table IV), while an elevated lead content (greater than 30 mg/kg dry weight) was found in the sternum of 40% of the swans (Fig. 2). The load of lead in the liver was higher in the few swans from the western part of Jutland than in swans from the main sampling areas, while in the sternum it was relatively lower in swans from the southern part of the country (Lolland, Falster) (Table V). No difference in lead content was found between males and females. The lead content in the liver was not correlated with age, while a positive correlation was found between age and the lead content in the sternum (Table VI).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
在1978 - 1979年的严冬期间，丹麦沿海地区有大量疣鼻天鹅死亡；其中2111只被收集用于尸检。表一和图一给出了这2111只天鹅的来源地和性别，其中184只带有环志。尸检结果（表二）显示，大多数天鹅被记录为死于饥饿。仅在0.7%的砂囊中发现了铅弹（表三），可能是因为大多数摄入的铅弹在天鹅死亡前就已被侵蚀掉。对尸检时挑选的76只天鹅以及184只带环志天鹅的分析结果表明，铅中毒的天鹅在尸检时并非总能被识别出来（表三和表四）。10%的带环志天鹅肝脏湿重每千克含铅量超过7毫克，34%超过3毫克/千克（表四），同时在40%的天鹅胸骨中发现铅含量升高（大于30毫克/千克干重）（图二）。日德兰半岛西部少数天鹅肝脏中的铅负荷高于主要采样区域的天鹅，而该国南部（洛兰岛、法尔斯特岛）天鹅胸骨中的铅负荷相对较低（表五）。雄性和雌性之间未发现铅含量有差异。肝脏中的铅含量与年龄无关，而年龄与胸骨中的铅含量呈正相关（表六）。（摘要截取自250字）
