Rose R J, Boughman J A, Corey L A, Nance W E, Christian J C, Kang K W
Nature. 1980 Jan 24;283(5745):375-7. doi: 10.1038/283375a0.
Familial resemblance in intellectual skills is well documented, but its interpretation is a source of continuing controversy. The critical problem is that a family's shared genes are confounded with its shared experiences, and controls possible in animal research (selective mating, cross-fostering, and uniform or randomised environments) do not directly apply to human subjects. Conventional twin and family methods reveal substantial genetic variance in intelligence quotient (IQ) test scores, but the same methods also document significant environmental influences. Research designs which can identify the nature of these environmental factors may effect progress in the 'IQ debate' (ref. 1). The families of monozygotic (MZ) twins provide a new research design which permits a unique assessment of maternal influences in quantitative traits. We describe here initial applications of the design to verbal IQ, with results suggesting that maternal effects significantly contribute to familial similarity in verbal intelligence.
智力技能方面的家族相似性已有充分记录，但其解释一直存在争议。关键问题在于，一个家庭共享的基因与共享的经历相互混淆，而动物研究中可行的控制方法（选择性交配、交叉抚养以及统一或随机化环境）并不直接适用于人类受试者。传统的双胞胎和家族研究方法揭示了智商（IQ）测试分数中存在大量遗传方差，但同样的方法也证明了显著的环境影响。能够确定这些环境因素性质的研究设计可能会推动“智商辩论”取得进展（参考文献1）。同卵双胞胎（MZ）的家庭提供了一种新的研究设计，它能够对母体影响在数量性状方面进行独特评估。我们在此描述该设计在言语智商方面的初步应用，结果表明母体效应显著促成了言语智力方面的家族相似性。
