Multicenter comparative evaluation of netilmicin and gentamicin in adult patients. Efficacy and safety.

Netilmicin and gentamicin were compared in a multicenter clinical trial in 12 study locations. The two aminoglycosides were randomly assigned to hospitalized adult patients with systemic infections, and were administered by i.m. injection or slow i.v. infusion in divided doses generally calculated to deliver either 4-6.5 mg/kg per day of netilmicin, or 3-5 mg/kg per day of gentamicin. Lower dosages were given to patients with impaired renal function. Data from 210 patients receiving netilmicin and 212 receiving gentamicin were analyzed for efficacy. Favorable bacteriologic responses occurred in 95.5% (255/267) of the netilmicin-treated sites and in 90.1% (247/274) of the gentamicin-treated sites (p = 0.05). Netilmicin eliminated or reduced 95.6% (283/296) of all pathogens isolated from all infection sites compared with 89.5% (289/323) for gentamicin (p = 0.012). Favorable clinical responses were observed in 94.2% (275/292) of the netilmicin-treated patients and 89.5% (289/323) of the gentamicin-treated patients. Data from 377 netilmicin-treated patients and 378 gentamicin-treated patients were analyzed for safety. Evidence of nephrotoxicity probably related to treatment was observed in 8 of the netilmicin-treated patients and 14 of the gentamicin-treated patients. Audiometrically documented hearing loss probably related to treatment was observed in one gentamicin-treated patient. In one netilmicin-treated patient there were transient auditory and vestibular effects. Local tolerance to parenteral administration of the two drugs was excellent.