Cytogenetic effects of cis-platinum(II)diamminedichloride in vivo.

The chemotherapeutic agent cis-platinum(II)diamminedichloride (cis-PDD) has been shown to be mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic. We determined the cytogenetic effects of cis-PDD on human and rabbit lymphocytes in vitro and on rabbit marrow cells, lymph node cells, and lymphocytes in vivo. Lymphocyte cultures from two humans and one rabbit were treated in vitro with cis-PDD. For in vivo studies, five New Zealand white rabbits were given iv injections of cis-PDD. Posttreatment blood samples were withdrawn for analysis and rabbits were sacrificed at either 6 or 24 hr for cytogenetic analysis of marrow and node cells. Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis of human and rabbit metaphases from lymphocytes treated in vitro showed that rabbit lymphocytes are more sensitive to SCE induction by cis-PDD. Significant increases in SCE were observed in lymphocyte cultures obtained as early as 1 hr post treatment from injected rabbits. Analysis of node, marrow, and lymphocyte metaphases from injected rabbits showed a high number of chromosome aberrations in these cells with bone marrow showing a delayed response to treatment. These results indicate that cis-PDD is clastogenic in hematopoietic tissues in vivo and that SCE methodology may be useful in monitoring patients receiving cis-PDD therapy.