Raynaud J P, Gruner L
Vet Parasitol. 1982 Mar;10(1):57-64. doi: 10.1016/0304-4017(82)90007-3.
Herbage sampling has been used to ascertain the contamination and epidemiology of cattle nematode infective larvae in large extensive pastures situated in the centre of France, where heifers graze for four months on a total area of one ha/heifer in mountains virtual "hectares", tufts of grass being picked both close to faecal pats or "refusals", and far from these pats. Ostertagia was the predominant parasite and the occurrence of Dictyocaulus resulted from silent-carrier heifers. Just after the thawing of the snow, when the heifers arrived in the mountains, the contamination was very high: 8000-9000 L3 and 45.00 to 63.00 L3 kg-1 dry herbage, respectively, far from and close to faecal pats, but this contamination decreases regularly during the season. The sampling of four areas (four "hectares") in each paddock was found to be a very valuable method. The variation of the mean was low and found mainly when the number of larvae was high (6-19% only for the spring sampling). This technique could have some merit in parallel or concurrently with tracer calves which are always difficult and expensive to use.
在法国中部广袤的大型牧场中，采用牧草采样来确定牛线虫感染性幼虫的污染情况和流行病学特征。在这些山区虚拟“公顷”的牧场里，小母牛每头在一公顷的总面积上放牧四个月，从靠近粪便堆或“废弃物”以及远离这些粪便堆的地方采集草簇。奥斯特他线虫是主要的寄生虫，而网尾线虫的出现是由隐性携带小母牛导致的。就在雪融化后小母牛抵达山区时，污染程度非常高：远离和靠近粪便堆处的感染性幼虫分别为8000 - 9000条L3以及45.00至63.00条L3/千克干牧草，但这种污染在季节中会定期减少。发现在每个围场对四个区域（四“公顷”）进行采样是一种非常有价值的方法。平均值的变化很小，主要在幼虫数量较多时出现（春季采样时仅为6 - 19%）。与总是难以使用且成本高昂的示踪小牛同时或并行使用时，这项技术可能具有一定优势。
