Nehrke M F, Hulicka I M, Morganti J B
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1980;11(1):25-33. doi: 10.2190/YP02-5GK9-U9A6-ACD0.
The literature regarding age differences in life satisfaction, locus of control and self-concept reveal seriously conflicting results while that on the relationships among these dependent measures has largely supported Erikson's proposals regarding the psychosocial crisis of ego integrity versus despair. A total of ninety-nine V. A. Domiciliary residents, with thirty-three in each of three age groups (50-59, 60-69 and 70+), completed measures of life satisfaction, locus of control and self-concept. Multivariate analysis of covariance demonstrated a significant age difference with the older veterans, who were less well educated and institutionalized longer, more positive on the composite of the three measures. Univariate analysis, however, resulted in significant age differences in self-concept and life satisfaction but not in locus of control. Based upon these findings and the relationships among the dependent variables, the older veterans appear to have resolved the ego integrity versus despair crisis more adequately in spite of having lived for a longer period of time in what has often been viewed as a sterile, blunting environment. Perhaps, contrary to popular assumptions, an institution may provide an environment that facilitates and nourishes the self-esteem and satisfaction of elderly residents.
关于生活满意度、控制点和自我概念方面年龄差异的文献显示出严重冲突的结果，而关于这些因变量之间关系的文献在很大程度上支持了埃里克森关于自我整合与绝望的心理社会危机的提议。共有99名退伍军人之家的居民，三个年龄组（50 - 59岁、60 - 69岁和70岁以上）各有33人，完成了生活满意度、控制点和自我概念的测量。多变量协方差分析显示出显著的年龄差异，年龄较大的退伍军人在这三项测量的综合指标上更为积极，他们受教育程度较低且在机构中生活的时间更长。然而，单变量分析在自我概念和生活满意度上显示出显著的年龄差异，但在控制点上没有。基于这些发现以及因变量之间的关系，尽管年龄较大的退伍军人在通常被视为枯燥、钝化的环境中生活了更长时间，但他们似乎更充分地解决了自我整合与绝望的危机。也许，与普遍的假设相反，一个机构可能提供了一个促进和滋养老年居民自尊与满意度的环境。
