Morganti J B, Nehrke M F, Hulicka I M, Cataldo J F
State University College, Buffalo.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1988;26(1):45-56. doi: 10.2190/HDAD-XT0C-W8JB-63DR.
The literature on age differences in life satisfaction, self-concept, and locus of control reveals a variety of conflicting findings. Nehrke et al. reported a study of elderly institutionalized males that attempted to control for some of the possible sources of variability. The present study extended this effort to a noninstitutionalized life-span sample of males and females in six age groups (fourteen to ninety-four). The age main effect was significant for the locus of control measure. For self-concept, the age and sex main effects were significant. For life satisfaction, the age and sex main effects and their interaction were significant. Generally, lower levels of self-concept and life satisfaction and a more external orientation characterized adolescents and young adults while, with notable exceptions, the remaining age samples were more positive in self-concept and life satisfaction and were more internally controlled. Although the three dependent measures were significantly correlated for the total sample, the correlations involving locus of control were only moderate. The data suggest that at least the life satisfaction and self-concept measures may be viable tools to assess the psychological quality of one's life, and that reliable age differences in well-being can be demonstrated if moderating variables are controlled experimentally or statistically.
关于生活满意度、自我概念和控制点的年龄差异的文献揭示了各种相互矛盾的研究结果。内尔克等人报告了一项针对老年男性住院患者的研究，该研究试图控制一些可能的变异性来源。本研究将这一努力扩展到六个年龄组（14至94岁）的非住院男性和女性的全生命周期样本。年龄主效应在控制点测量中显著。对于自我概念，年龄和性别主效应显著。对于生活满意度，年龄和性别主效应及其交互作用显著。一般来说，青少年和年轻人的自我概念和生活满意度水平较低，且更倾向于外部导向，而除显著例外情况外，其余年龄组在自我概念和生活满意度方面更为积极，且更具内部控制性。尽管对于总样本，这三个因变量显著相关，但与控制点相关的相关性仅为中等。数据表明，至少生活满意度和自我概念测量可能是评估一个人生活心理质量的可行工具，并且如果通过实验或统计方法控制调节变量，就可以证明幸福感中可靠的年龄差异。
