Lawton M P, Nahemow L
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1980;11(3):211-27. doi: 10.2190/2BQ7-71JT-V7NN-J9V6.
The relationship between neighborhood characteristics and the well-being of elderly tenants was studied through a national area probability sample of 153 planned housing environments and over 3000 tenants in them. Six indices of tenants' psychological and social well-being were used as dependent variables in hierarchical multiple regressions where neighborhood characteristics were entered after personal factors were controlled. Neighborhood environmental factors accounted for a significant proportion of the residual variance in every index of well-being. In general, quiet neighborhoods in small or middle sized communities where the risk of crime was low were conductive to active and satisfying lives for older people. Well-being tended to be higher in segregated buildings even with other factors such as exposure to crime controlled. Although these residual effects were often small it was concluded that environmentally based interventions could significantly enhance wellbeing and in many instances have more widespread effectiveness than time-consuming attempts to change the individual.
通过对153个规划住房环境以及其中3000多名租户进行的全国性区域概率抽样，研究了邻里特征与老年租户幸福感之间的关系。在分层多元回归中，将租户心理和社会幸福感的六个指标用作因变量，在控制个人因素后纳入邻里特征。邻里环境因素在幸福感的每个指标中都占了显著比例的残差方差。一般来说，小型或中型社区中安静且犯罪风险低的邻里环境有利于老年人过上积极且满意的生活。即使在控制了诸如接触犯罪等其他因素的情况下，隔离建筑中的幸福感往往更高。尽管这些残留效应通常较小，但得出的结论是，基于环境的干预措施可以显著提高幸福感，而且在许多情况下，比耗时的改变个体的尝试具有更广泛的效果。
