Lawton M P, Yaffe S
J Gerontol. 1980 Sep;35(5):768-79. doi: 10.1093/geronj/35.5.768.
Crime rate, personal victimization, and fear of crime were studied in relation to a variety of measures of well-being of 662 older people in 53 public housing sites. Findings indicated that fear of crime was central in determining psychological well-being; crime rate and victimization influenced well-being primarily if fear of crime intervened. On the other hand, these crime-related variables were minimally related to size of social space and activity outside the housing site. Age integration was strongly associated with fear of crime but did not increase with actual victimization except where age mixing was totally indiscriminate. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal data are analyzed in multiple-regression form and a path-analytic cross-sectional model is tested. It is concluded that planned housing serves a protective function for older tenants, and that older tenants are not necessarily made "prisoners in their homes" by either crime or fear of crime.
针对53个公共住房小区中662位老年人的多种幸福指标，研究了犯罪率、个人受害情况以及对犯罪的恐惧。研究结果表明，对犯罪的恐惧在决定心理健康方面至关重要；犯罪率和受害情况主要通过对犯罪的恐惧这一中介来影响幸福感。另一方面，这些与犯罪相关的变量与住房小区外的社会空间大小和活动的关联极小。年龄融合与对犯罪的恐惧密切相关，但除了年龄混合完全不加区分的情况外，它不会随着实际受害情况的增加而增加。以多元回归形式分析了横截面数据和纵向数据，并检验了一个路径分析横截面模型。得出的结论是，规划好的住房对老年租户起到了保护作用，而且老年租户不一定会因犯罪或对犯罪的恐惧而成为“家中的囚徒”。
