Myers G, Donlon M, Kaliner M
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1981 Apr;67(4):305-11. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(81)90026-9.
A small portion of the histamine that circulates through the kidney is excreted intact. Thus, the measurement of histamine in urine may be employed to monitor fluctuations in plasma histamine and has several advantages: stability, accessibility, and the opportunity for retrospective analysis. A method for measuring urine histamine was developed based on cation-exchange chromatography, organic solvent extraction, o-phthalaldehyde condensation, and measurement of fluorescence. However, because the histamine measured by this procedure was higher than that measured by other techniques, a portion of each sample was digested wtih diamine oxidase and the difference between the two portions of each sample, after isolation and fluorescent assay, was taken to reflect histamine. Normal urinary histamine levels of 13 +/- 8 ng/ml, 14 +/- 9 micrograms/24 hr, or 14 +/- 12 ng/mg creatinine/ml were found. Male and female subjects excreted equivalent concentrations; spot, short-timed, or 24-hr collections provided equivalent results; and histamine in frozen urine was stable greater than or equal to 6 mo. Two patients with systemic mastocytosis and two with idiopathic anaphylaxis had elevated urine histamine levels. Monitoring urine histamine may be useful in assessment of conditions in which histamine plays a role.
经肾脏循环的一小部分组胺会完整排泄出来。因此，尿液中组胺的测定可用于监测血浆组胺的波动情况，且具有几个优点：稳定性、易获取性以及回顾性分析的机会。基于阳离子交换色谱法、有机溶剂萃取、邻苯二甲醛缩合以及荧光测定，开发了一种测量尿液组胺的方法。然而，由于该方法测得的组胺含量高于其他技术测得的结果，所以每个样本的一部分用二胺氧化酶消化，分离并进行荧光测定后，每个样本两部分之间的差异被用来反映组胺含量。发现正常尿液组胺水平为13±8纳克/毫升、14±9微克/24小时或14±12纳克/毫克肌酐/毫升。男性和女性受试者排泄的组胺浓度相当；即时、短时间或24小时收集的尿液结果相当；冷冻尿液中的组胺在6个月及以上时间内保持稳定。两名系统性肥大细胞增多症患者和两名特发性过敏反应患者的尿液组胺水平升高。监测尿液组胺可能有助于评估组胺起作用的病症。
