Kutsch W, Hug W
J Neurobiol. 1981 Jan;12(1):1-14. doi: 10.1002/neu.480120102.
For Calliphora the wingbeat frequency and the underlying motoneuronal activity were recorded during adult life. Wingbeat frequency increases during the ten days following last molt. The activity of motoneurons serving four selected flight muscles (nonfibrillar and fibrillar ones) also increases with age. The motoneuronal activity of young and old flies was analyzed statistically (serial and cross-correlograms, latency and phase histograms). In addition, several wing manipulations were carried out to evaluate the significance of sensory feedback on pattern generation during maturation. These ontogenetic studies suggest a centrally generated motor pattern that (1) is essentially complete with the molt to adulthood, (2) shows a progressive increase in intrinsic activity, and (3) is modulated by sensory feedback from the wing region by the same amount irrespective of age. Similarities in the postlarval development of the flight pattern of neurogenic and myogenic flyers are discussed.
对于丽蝇，在其成年期记录了翅膀拍击频率和潜在的运动神经元活动。在最后一次蜕皮后的十天内，翅膀拍击频率会增加。为四块选定飞行肌肉（非纤维状和纤维状）服务的运动神经元的活动也随年龄增长而增加。对年轻和年老苍蝇的运动神经元活动进行了统计分析（序列和互相关图、潜伏期和相位直方图）。此外，还进行了几次翅膀操作，以评估感觉反馈在成熟过程中对模式生成的重要性。这些个体发育研究表明，一种由中枢产生的运动模式：（1）在蜕皮至成年期时基本完成；（2）内在活动逐渐增加；（3）无论年龄大小，来自翅膀区域的感觉反馈对其调节的程度相同。讨论了神经源性和肌源性飞行者飞行模式在幼虫后发育过程中的相似性。
