Tu M S, Dickinson M H
Department of Anatomy and Organismal Biology, University of Chicago, Il 60637, USA.
J Comp Physiol A. 1996 Jun;178(6):813-30. doi: 10.1007/BF00225830.
We used a combination of high speed video and electrophysiological recordings to investigate the relationship between wing kinematics and the firing patterns of the first (b1) and second (b2) basalar muscles of tethered flying blowflies (Calliphora vicina). The b1 typically fires once during every wing stroke near the time of the dorsal stroke reversal. The b2 fires either intermittenly or in bursts that may be elicited by a visual turning stimulus. Sustained activation of the b1 at rates near wing beat frequency appears necessary for tonic maintenance of stroke amplitude. In addition, advances in the phase of b1 activation were correlated with both increased wing protraction during the down-stroke and increased stroke amplitude. Similar kinematic alterations was correlated with b2 spikes, and consequently, both muscles may function in the control of turns toward the contralateral side. The effects of the two muscles were evident within a single stroke period and decayed quickly. Kinematic changes correlated with b1 phase shifts were graded, suggesting a role in compensatory course stabilization. In contrast, b2 spikes were correlated with all-or-none changes in the wing stroke, a characteristic consistent with a role in mediating rapid turns towards or away from objects.
我们使用高速视频和电生理记录相结合的方法，来研究拴系飞行的丽蝇（Calliphora vicina）翅膀运动学与第一（b1）和第二（b2）基底肌放电模式之间的关系。b1通常在每次翅膀冲程中靠近背向冲程反转时放电一次。b2要么间歇性放电，要么以可能由视觉转向刺激引发的爆发性放电。以接近翅膀拍动频率的速率持续激活b1似乎是维持冲程幅度所必需的。此外，b1激活相位的提前与向下冲程期间翅膀前伸增加以及冲程幅度增加都相关。类似的运动学改变与b2的尖峰相关，因此，这两块肌肉可能都在控制向对侧转弯中起作用。这两块肌肉的作用在单个冲程周期内很明显，并且很快衰减。与b1相位变化相关的运动学变化是分级的，表明其在补偿性航向稳定中起作用。相比之下，b2的尖峰与翅膀冲程中的全或无变化相关，这一特征与在介导朝向或远离物体的快速转弯中起作用一致。
