Intracranial pressure in nontraumatic ischemic and hypoxic cerebral insults.

Intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure were monitored in 12 patients who were comatose secondary to hypoxic (five cases) or hypotensive (seven cases) nontraumatic cerebral insults. Patients who were hypotensive but not hypoxic developed significant increased ICP. In patients who were comatose from hypoxic cerebral insults without hypotension, ICP was normal. When an increase in ICP was diagnosed, patients were managed aggressively so as to improve cerebral perfusion and lower ICP. Although a functional salvage rate of 25% was obtained, this may reflect the severity of the initial cerebral insult rather than the effect of treatment. In order to prevent the potential deleterious effects of raised ICP, it is concluded that monitoring ICP and maintaining adequate perfusion may be warranted in comatose patients who have suffered nontraumatic diffuse ischemic but not purely hypoxic cerebral insults.