McCullough E C, Senjem D H
Med Phys. 1981 Jan-Feb;8(1):111-4. doi: 10.1118/1.594917.
Determinations of airborne concentrations of lead, cadmium, bismuth, and tin were made above vessels containing a "fusible" lead alloy (158 degrees F melting point) commonly used for construction of radiotherapy blocks. Fume concentrations were determined by collection on a membrane filter and analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Samples were obtained for alloy temperatures of 200 degrees, 400 degrees, and 600 degrees F. In all instances, concentrations were much lower than the applicable occupational limits for continuous exposure. The results of this study indicate that the use of a vented hood as a means of reducing air concentrations of toxic metals above and near vessels containing low temperature melting point lead allows commonly used in construction of radiotherapy shields appears unjustifiable. However, proper handling procedures should be observed to avoid entry into the body via alternate pathways (e.g., ingestion or skin absorption). Transmission data of a non-cadmium containing lead alloy with a melting point of 203 degrees F was ascertained and is reported on.
对盛有常用于制造放射治疗挡块的“易熔”铅合金（熔点为158华氏度）的容器上方空气中的铅、镉、铋和锡浓度进行了测定。通过在膜滤器上收集并采用原子吸收分光光度法进行分析来测定烟雾浓度。针对合金温度为200华氏度、400华氏度和600华氏度的情况采集了样本。在所有情况下，浓度都远低于连续接触的适用职业限值。本研究结果表明，使用通风罩作为降低含低温熔点铅的容器上方及附近空气中有毒金属浓度的手段，这在常用于制造放射治疗屏蔽物的情况下似乎是不合理的。然而，应遵循适当的操作程序，以避免通过其他途径（如摄入或皮肤吸收）进入人体。已确定并报告了一种熔点为203华氏度的不含镉铅合金的传输数据。
