Simeone J F, Deren M M, Cagle F
Radiology. 1981 Apr;139(1):35-7. doi: 10.1148/radiology.139.1.7208938.
The authors conducted a prospective and retrospective study of the radiographic findings in 45 patients with traumatic rupture of the aorta. In 7 cases, a left apical cap was the only clearly visible abnormality. In 11 cases a cap was present together with a poorly defined aortic knob, while in 13 cases both were seen along with mediastinal widening. In 14 cases, all of the classical signs of aortic rupture were present, but an apical cap was not seen or was not considered significant. Of 32 aortograms obtained, 12 were taken solely because of an apical cap; 2 were positive for aortic rupture and 10 were negative. No aortic rupture was found in patients with a left apical cap and fractures of the ribs, vertebral bodies, or scapulae.
作者对45例主动脉创伤性破裂患者的影像学表现进行了前瞻性和回顾性研究。7例中，左心尖帽是唯一清晰可见的异常。11例中，心尖帽与边界不清的主动脉结同时存在，而13例中两者均伴有纵隔增宽。14例中，出现了主动脉破裂的所有典型征象，但未见到心尖帽或认为其不显著。在32例进行的主动脉造影中，12例仅因心尖帽而进行；2例主动脉破裂呈阳性，10例呈阴性。左心尖帽合并肋骨、椎体或肩胛骨骨折的患者未发现主动脉破裂。
