Silverstein M L, Harrow M
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1981 Mar;38(3):288-93. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780280056006.
Schneider's first-rank symptoms (FRS) are recognized by many psychiatrists worldwide as definitive criteria for establishing the diagnosis of schizophrenia. The relationships between FRS and major aspects of psychopathology were examined. Clinical course and outcome, indices of current functioning and symptom severity, premorbid adjustment, and prognostic indicators were assessed. Major comparisons were made between schizophrenics with FRS at follow-up and schizophrenics with psychotic symptoms exclusive of FRS. Positive findings in select areas of outcome functioning argue for the utility of FRS. However, several findings indicated that FRS were not more effective than non-Schneiderian psychotic symptoms in delineating central characteristics of the schizophrenic syndrome; they may identify a subgroup of schizophrenics with a more chronic course, but they do not appear to have the unique importance or diagnostic specificity that has been accorded them.
施奈德首级症状（FRS）被全球许多精神科医生视为确立精神分裂症诊断的决定性标准。研究了FRS与精神病理学主要方面之间的关系。评估了临床病程与转归、当前功能和症状严重程度指标、病前适应情况以及预后指标。对随访时具有FRS的精神分裂症患者与具有排除FRS的精神病性症状的精神分裂症患者进行了主要比较。在某些结局功能领域的阳性发现支持了FRS的实用性。然而，一些研究结果表明，在描绘精神分裂症综合征的核心特征方面，FRS并不比非施奈德式精神病性症状更有效；它们可能识别出病程更慢性的精神分裂症患者亚组，但它们似乎并不具有赋予它们的独特重要性或诊断特异性。
