Palmer S E, Hemenway K
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1978 Nov;4(4):691-702. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.4.4.691.
Time to detect bilateral symmetry in different orientations was studied for closed polygons with single, double, quadruple, rotational, and near symmetry. In Experiment 1, the orientation of the axis of symmetry was varied. Detection was fastest for vertical symmetry, next fastest for horizontal, and slowest for left- and right-diagonal symmetries. For corresponding orientations, responses were faster to quadruple than double symmetries, and faster to double than single symmetries. Negative responses to nearly symmetric figures produced an orientation effect similar to that for single symmetries. Rotational symmetries showed no orientation effect and took longer to reject than near symmetries. In Experiment 2, subjects looked only for vertical symmetry. Responses were twice as fast as in comparable conditions of Experiment 1. The effect of multiple symmetries was still present, but rotational symmetries were rejected faster than near symmetries. The results are interpreted as supporting a dual process model for detecting symmetry in multiple orientation channels: Observers first select potential axes of symmetry defined by mirror-similar parts and then evaluate specific axes sequentially in a detailed comparison for mirror-identity.
研究了具有单重、双重、四重、旋转和近似对称性的封闭多边形在不同方向上检测双侧对称性所需的时间。在实验1中，对称轴的方向是变化的。垂直对称的检测速度最快，水平对称其次，左对角和右对角对称最慢。对于相应的方向，对四重对称的反应比对双重对称更快，对双重对称比对单重对称更快。对近似对称图形的否定反应产生了与单重对称相似的方向效应。旋转对称没有显示出方向效应，并且比近似对称需要更长的时间来排除。在实验2中，受试者只寻找垂直对称。反应速度是实验1可比条件下的两倍。多重对称的影响仍然存在，但旋转对称比近似对称被排除得更快。结果被解释为支持在多个方向通道中检测对称性的双过程模型：观察者首先选择由镜像相似部分定义的潜在对称轴，然后在详细比较镜像一致性时依次评估特定的轴。
