MacNaughton M G, Stauffer T B, Stone D A
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1981 Mar;52(3):149-53.
The recent use of 70% hydrazine-water fuel in the F-16 emergency power unit (EPU) presents problems for organizations responsible for protection of personnel and the environment because of the worldwide deployment of this aircraft and the requirement for fuel handling in a flightline environment. Hydrazine has a low vapor pressure (14 mm Hg at 25 degrees C) but still evaporation rates (16-100 mg/cm2h) from liquid pools are sufficient to generate hazardous atmospheric concentrations greater than the permissible exposure level (3 ppm) up to 2 km downwind under worst-case meteorological conditions (F Stability). In contrast to the general feeling that hydrazine degrades in the presence of atmospheric oxygen, studies show hydrazine is relatively stable in both air (t1/2 approximately 6 h) and oxygenated aqueous solutions (t1/2 approximately 5 d). The toxicity and stable character of hydrazine in the environment required quick and thorough management of any accidental spills to preclude hazards to personnel and serious environmental degradation. The Air Force has established comprehensive containment and treatment procedures which will be used in the event of inadvertent releases of hydrazine from the EPU or during handling or transport of the bulk fuel. The simple spill management procedures used to support the F-16 aircraft EPU are described.
由于F - 16战机在全球范围内部署，且需要在飞行跑道环境中进行燃油处理，因此最近在F - 16应急动力装置（EPU）中使用70%的肼 - 水燃料给负责人员和环境保护的组织带来了问题。肼的蒸气压较低（25℃时为14毫米汞柱），但在最坏气象条件（F稳定度）下，液池的蒸发速率（16 - 100毫克/平方厘米·小时）足以在顺风方向2公里处产生高于允许暴露水平（3 ppm）的危险大气浓度。与普遍认为肼在大气氧气存在下会降解的观点相反，研究表明肼在空气（半衰期约6小时）和含氧水溶液（半衰期约5天）中相对稳定。肼在环境中的毒性和稳定性要求对任何意外泄漏进行快速彻底的处理，以避免对人员造成危害和严重的环境恶化。空军已经制定了全面的围堵和处理程序，在EPU意外释放肼或在散装燃料的处理或运输过程中发生泄漏时将使用这些程序。本文描述了用于支持F - 16战机EPU的简单泄漏管理程序。
