Scherer M, Storms L
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1981 Jun;169(6):348-56. doi: 10.1097/00005053-198106000-00002.
Schizophrenic behavior is sometimes characterized by inefficiency and symptoms possibly attributable to difficulties in coordinating attention. In fact, breakdown in cognitive and perceptual processes may be secondary to an initial disorder in mechanisms which coordinate focused attention. These processes were therefore tested in four subgroups of 10 schizophrenics each and in a normal comparison group (N = 10). A visual reaction time task was designed to operationalize definitions of width of cue utilization (responses to number of cues and position of cues), selective attention (color of cues), and ability to develop a set (probability of cues). Perceptual deficit was most prominent among long term nonparanoid schizophrenics who reduced their observation to central position cues when faced with a large number of potentially distracting stimuli. These patients, as well as short term nonparanoid schizophrenics, often failed to differentiate color even though this stimulus information provided an alternative method for reducing the number of stimuli requiring attention. Short term nonparanoid schizophrenics showed broad but disorganized attention to visual cues and inability to develop a probability set. Paranoid schizophrenics were not deviant in coordinated attention.
精神分裂症行为有时表现为效率低下以及可能归因于注意力协调困难的症状。事实上，认知和感知过程的崩溃可能继发于协调集中注意力机制的初始紊乱。因此，对四个亚组进行了测试，每个亚组有10名精神分裂症患者，并与一个正常对照组（N = 10）进行比较。设计了一个视觉反应时间任务，以对线索利用宽度（对线索数量和线索位置的反应）、选择性注意（线索颜色）以及形成定势的能力（线索概率）的定义进行操作化。在长期非偏执型精神分裂症患者中，感知缺陷最为明显，当面对大量潜在分散注意力的刺激时，他们将观察范围缩小到中央位置线索。这些患者以及短期非偏执型精神分裂症患者，即使这种刺激信息提供了一种减少需要关注的刺激数量的替代方法，他们也常常无法区分颜色。短期非偏执型精神分裂症患者对视觉线索表现出广泛但无序的注意力，并且无法形成概率定势。偏执型精神分裂症患者在协调注意力方面没有异常。
