Callenbach J C, Sheehan M B, Abramson S J, Hall R T
J Pediatr. 1981 May;98(5):800-5. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(81)80852-9.
The incidence of rickets was found to be 32% (39/125) in a retrospective review of consecutive survivors of very low birth weight in whom serial radiographic and biochemical data were obtained. A higher proportion of these infants were black, had a greater initial weight loss, and had a longer hospitalization; there was a prevalence of births in the spring. Soy formula, supplemented with calcium and vitamin D but not phosphorus, was used predominantly in both groups; cumulative calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and caloric intakes were the same. We believe that the etiology of rickets in VLBW infants is multifactorial; however, nutritional deficiency is of central importance. Soy isolate formula, as well as human milk and many other commercially available formulas, do not provide sufficient calcium and phosphorus to keep pace with rates of intrauterine accretion. Supplementation with calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D, beginning as soon as possible after birth, is indicated.
在一项对连续的极低出生体重儿幸存者进行的回顾性研究中，这些患儿均有系列影像学和生化数据，结果发现佝偻病的发病率为32%（39/125）。这些婴儿中黑人比例更高，初始体重下降更多，住院时间更长；春季出生更为普遍。两组主要都使用添加了钙和维生素D但未添加磷的大豆配方奶粉；钙、磷、维生素D和热量的累积摄入量相同。我们认为，极低出生体重儿佝偻病的病因是多因素的；然而，营养缺乏至关重要。大豆分离蛋白配方奶粉，以及母乳和许多其他市售配方奶粉，都不能提供足够的钙和磷来跟上子宫内生长速度。建议出生后尽快开始补充钙、磷和维生素D。
