Verbrugge L M
J Behav Med. 1980 Dec;3(4):327-55. doi: 10.1007/BF00845289.
This paper examines male-female differences in complaints and diagnoses for ambulatory care visits. Data are from the 1973 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a national probability survey of visits to office-based physicians. The results suggest that: (1) Men are often unaware of serious health problems, they delay seeking diagnosis and care for symptoms, and they hesitate to admit symptoms and known health problems when they do visit a physician. (2) Women appear to have a more diffuse view of illness. They often report both mental and physical symptoms, and their physical symptoms "radiate" throughout the body rather than remain localized. (3) Both sexes confuse reproductive, digestive, and urinary symptoms because the body systems overlap. (4) Some sex differences in diagnoses for a particular symptom reflect real morbidity differences. (5) There is little evidence that women and men differ in their perception, interpretation, and description of physical symptoms. (6) The evidence for sex bias in physicians' diagnoses is scant.
本文研究了门诊就诊中男女在投诉和诊断方面的差异。数据来自1973年全国门诊医疗调查，这是一项对到门诊医生处就诊情况的全国概率调查。结果表明：（1）男性往往未意识到严重的健康问题，他们会推迟寻求对症状的诊断和治疗，并且在就诊时不愿承认症状和已知的健康问题。（2）女性似乎对疾病有更广泛的看法。她们经常报告心理和身体症状，而且她们的身体症状会“扩散”至全身而非局限于局部。（3）由于身体系统相互重叠，男女都会混淆生殖、消化和泌尿症状。（4）特定症状诊断中的一些性别差异反映了实际发病率的差异。（5）几乎没有证据表明男女在对身体症状的感知、解释和描述上存在差异。（6）医生诊断中存在性别偏见的证据不足。
