Dick T A
Sci Total Environ. 1981 Apr;18:317-34. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(81)80068-x.
In the United Kingdom, potable water put into supply is required to be 'wholesome'. The term 'wholesome' is interpreted as clear, palatable and safe to drink. About 99% of potable supplies are provided by Regional Water Authorities and Water Companies (for England and Wales), Regional Councils and Island Councils (for Scotland) and the Department of the Environment (NI) (for Northern Ireland). These water authorities draw their raw water from upland surface waters, lowland surface waters (including lakes and rivers) and underground waters. Although each source provides approximately one-third of supply, the proportion varies considerably in different parts of the UK. Consequently the control of potential health risks related to drinking water also varies according to the source of supply. The paper describes briefly the treatment practice for the various sources, including disinfection practice. More specifically the paper describes current UK practice or developments in the control or investigation of plumbosolvency, fluoridation, nitrate, trihalomethanes, other organic micropollutants, sodium, asbestos and tar linings in pipes. The possibilities for the surveillance of the 1% of private supplies are also discussed.
在英国，供应的饮用水必须是“有益健康的”。“有益健康的”这一术语被解释为清澈、可口且饮用安全。大约99%的饮用水由区域水务局和自来水公司（针对英格兰和威尔士）、区域委员会和岛屿委员会（针对苏格兰）以及环境部（北爱尔兰）（针对北爱尔兰）提供。这些水务局从高地地表水、低地地表水（包括湖泊和河流）以及地下水中抽取原水。尽管每种水源提供的水量约占总供水量的三分之一，但在英国不同地区这一比例差异很大。因此，与饮用水相关的潜在健康风险的控制也因供水来源而异。本文简要描述了各种水源的处理方法，包括消毒方法。更具体地说，本文描述了英国目前在控制或调查铅溶解性、氟化、硝酸盐、三卤甲烷、其他有机微污染物、钠、石棉以及管道中的焦油衬里方面的做法或进展。还讨论了对1%的私人供水进行监测的可能性。
