Axelsson G, Hedegård B
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1981 Mar;54(3):383-9. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330540312.
Nine hundred and seventy-six Icelandic schoolchildren (489 male and 487 female) were surveyed for occurrence of torus mandibularis. No sexual dimorphism was observed but there was a statistically significant difference between areas. A highly significant positive association between age and frequency of occurrence and size was also observed. Single tori were more prevalent than multiple ones and also appeared earlier. Symmetrical occurrence predominated, but when unilateral, tori were more often found on the right side. Secular changes in the incidence of torus mandibularis among Icelanders suggest the strong influence of environmental factors.
对976名冰岛学童（489名男性和487名女性）进行了下颌隆凸发生率的调查。未观察到性别差异，但不同区域之间存在统计学上的显著差异。还观察到年龄与发生率及大小之间存在高度显著的正相关。单个隆凸比多个隆凸更常见，且出现得更早。对称出现占主导，但单侧出现时，隆凸更常出现在右侧。冰岛人下颌隆凸发生率的长期变化表明环境因素的强烈影响。
