Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Freychet P
Metabolism. 1978 Dec;27(12 Suppl 2):1982-93. doi: 10.1016/s0026-0495(78)80014-6.
The isolated mouse soleus muscle is a suitable system to measure specific insulin binding and insulin effects. Studies in obese mice have pointed to discrete sites of insulin resistance of skeletal muscle in obesity: (1) A decrease in the number of insulin receptors, which may result in diminished insulin sensitivity (i.e., impaired responses to submaximally stimulating doses of insulin); and (2) Alterations that lay apart from, or beyond, the insulin receptor: thus, glucose transport (and/or phosphorylation) appears to be intrinsically altered and the stimulation by insulin of glycogen synthesis is markedly depressed. These alterations are responsible for the marked resistance to maximally stimulating doses of insulin. The serum from a patient with the syndrome of insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans contains antibodies that inhibit insulin binding and exert insulin-like effects in muscle; this serum is, however, less effective than insulin in maximally stimulating glycogen synthesis, which suggests some differences in their mechanisms of action.
分离的小鼠比目鱼肌是测量特异性胰岛素结合和胰岛素效应的合适系统。对肥胖小鼠的研究指出了肥胖症中骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗的离散部位：（1）胰岛素受体数量减少，这可能导致胰岛素敏感性降低（即对次最大刺激剂量胰岛素的反应受损）；（2）胰岛素受体之外或超出其范围的改变：因此，葡萄糖转运（和/或磷酸化）似乎发生了内在改变，胰岛素对糖原合成的刺激明显受到抑制。这些改变导致了对最大刺激剂量胰岛素的明显抵抗。患有胰岛素抵抗综合征和黑棘皮病患者的血清含有抑制胰岛素结合并在肌肉中发挥胰岛素样作用的抗体；然而，这种血清在最大程度刺激糖原合成方面比胰岛素效果差，这表明它们的作用机制存在一些差异。
