Fetal transfusion with real-time ultrasound guidance.

A technique of fetal transfusion using sonographic guidance for needle placement is described. Sixteen patients underwent a total of 43 transfusions. The fetal mortality risk appears to be lower than that encountered in fluoroscopy-directed transfusions. Fetal irradiation has been dramatically reduced from an average of 2.2 rads per transfusion to 0.29 rads per transfusion. The technique allows very precise placement of a needle within the uterus or fetus. We have used it in difficult cases for amniocentesis. The technique could also be adapted to other problems requiring accurate placement of a needle within the body, such as biopsy of masses or aspiration of cysts.