Symons M J, Taulbee J D
J Occup Med. 1981 Jun;23(6):413-6. doi: 10.1097/00043764-198106000-00013.
The standardized mortality ratio is a widely used and often criticized summary statistic for studies of occupational mortality. In this paper the authors discuss practical conditions under which relative risk can reasonably be approximated by the standardized mortality ratio. When the true relative risk is greater than 100%, the standardized mortality ratio overestimates relative risk no matter how small the mortality rates or how short the age bands utilized in the analysis. However, when the excessive mortality is consistent across the age bands, the standardized mortality ratio can usefully approximate relative risk for some applications, such as those involving site-specific cancers, providing the age bands employed are not too large.
标准化死亡比是职业死亡率研究中广泛使用但常遭批评的汇总统计量。在本文中，作者讨论了标准化死亡比能够合理近似相对风险的实际条件。当真实相对风险大于100%时，无论死亡率多小或分析中使用的年龄组多短，标准化死亡比都会高估相对风险。然而，当各年龄组的超额死亡率一致时，对于某些应用，如涉及特定部位癌症的应用，标准化死亡比可以有效地近似相对风险，前提是所采用的年龄组不要太大。
