Gunne L M, Grönbladh L
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1981 Jun;7(3):249-56. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(81)90096-x.
Thirty-four drug addicts, aged 20 - 24 years, with a history of 4 - 8 years of intravenous heroin abuse, were randomly assigned either to a methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) (17) or to an untreated group (17). The untreated controls could not apply for entrance to the program until two years later. It was found that after two years 12 MMT patients had abandoned their drug habits and begun work, whereas 5 had recurrent drug abuse problems. Of the controls, one was drug-free and gainfully employed, 12 were continuously abusing heroin (3 of these had incurred potentially fatal diseases in consequence), 2 were in prison and 2 had diet. Two to seven years after their first visit to the Psychiatric Research Center 8 of the original control group have been accepted into the program. At present 19 (out of 25 admitted) are gainfully employed and no longer abusing drugs. Among the remaining controls 4 are dead, 3 are in prison, one in spite of a serious heart condition abuses heroin and one is drug-free. The rehabilitation rate was thus 76 per cent in the program as compared to 6 per cent among the control group. In addition, MMT obviously reduced the high morbidity and mortality rates found in a selection of heroin addicts who fulfilled the admittance criteria of the Swedish program.
34名年龄在20至24岁之间、有4至8年静脉注射海洛因滥用史的吸毒者被随机分为美沙酮维持治疗组（17人）和未治疗组（17人）。未治疗的对照组在两年后才能申请进入该项目。结果发现，两年后，12名美沙酮维持治疗患者戒除了毒瘾并开始工作，而5人有复吸问题。在对照组中，1人戒毒且有工作，12人持续滥用海洛因（其中3人因此患上了可能致命的疾病），2人入狱，2人死亡。在首次访问精神疾病研究中心两到七年后，原对照组中的8人已被纳入该项目。目前，（25名入院者中的）19人有工作且不再吸毒。在其余对照组中，4人死亡，3人入狱，1人尽管有严重心脏病仍滥用海洛因，1人戒毒。因此，该项目中的康复率为76%，而对照组为6%。此外，美沙酮维持治疗明显降低了在符合瑞典项目准入标准的一部分海洛因成瘾者中发现的高发病率和死亡率。
