Fareed A, Stout S, Casarella J, Vayalapalli S, Cox J, Drexler K
Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA.
Subst Abuse. 2011;5:17-25. doi: 10.4137/SART.S7090. Epub 2011 Apr 18.
Opioid intoxications and overdose are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Opioid overdose may occur in the setting of intravenous or intranasal heroin use, illicit use of diverted opioid medications, intentional or accidental misuse of prescription pain medications, or iatrogenic overdose. In this review, we focused on the epidemiology of illict opioid use in the United States and on the mechanism of action of opioid drugs. We also described the signs and symptoms, and diagnoses of intoxication and overdose. Lastly, we updated the reader about the most recent recommendations for treatment and prevention of opioid intoxications and overdose.
阿片类药物中毒和过量使用与高发病率和死亡率相关。阿片类药物过量使用可能发生在静脉注射或鼻内使用海洛因、非法使用转用的阿片类药物、故意或意外滥用处方止痛药或医源性过量使用的情况下。在本综述中，我们重点关注了美国非法阿片类药物使用的流行病学以及阿片类药物的作用机制。我们还描述了中毒和过量使用的体征和症状以及诊断方法。最后，我们向读者介绍了关于阿片类药物中毒和过量使用治疗与预防的最新建议。
