Bass A H, Northcutt R G
J Comp Neurol. 1981 Jun 10;199(1):97-112. doi: 10.1002/cne.901990108.
Retinofugal pathways in the painted turtle were examined with autoradiographic and HRP methods. The majority of the retinal fibers decussate at the optic chiasm and course caudally to terminate in 12 regions of the diencephalon and mesencephalon. The pars dorsalis of the lateral geniculate nucleus is the densest target in the thalamus. Two nuclei dorsal to pars dorsalis--the dorsal optic and dorsal central nuclei--receive optic input. Three nuclei ventral to pars dorsalis and retinal targets--the ventral geniculate nucleus, nucleus ventrolateralis pars dorsalis, and nucleus ventrolateralis pars ventralis. Contralateral fibers course through the pretectum where they terminate in nucleus geniculatis pretectalis, nucleus lentiformis mesencephali, nucleus posterodorsalis, and the external pretectal nucleus. Retinal fibers also terminate within the superficial zone of the optic tectum. HRP material demonstrates three optic fiber layers--laminae 9, 12, and 14. Optic fibers leave the main optic tract as a distinct accessory tegmental optic pathway and terminate in the basal optic nucleus. Ipsilateral retinal terminals occur in a pars dorsalis and a pars ventralis of the lateral geniculate nucleus, the dorsal optic nucleus, nucleus posterodorsalis, the basal optic nucleus, and in laminae 9 and 12 of the optic tectum. Rostrally, the ipsilateral tectal fibers occupy two zones along the medial and lateral tectal roof; these zones converge caudally and are continuous along the caudal wall of the tectum.
采用放射自显影和辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）方法研究了锦龟的视网膜传出通路。大多数视网膜纤维在视交叉处交叉，并向尾侧走行，终止于间脑和中脑的12个区域。外侧膝状核背侧部是丘脑最密集的靶区。背侧部背侧的两个核——背侧视核和背侧中央核——接受视觉输入。背侧部腹侧的三个核以及视网膜靶区——腹侧膝状核、背侧部腹外侧核和腹侧部腹外侧核。对侧纤维穿过顶盖前区，终止于顶盖前区膝状核、中脑豆状核、后背部核和外侧顶盖前核。视网膜纤维也终止于视顶盖的浅层区域。HRP物质显示出三层视觉纤维——第9、12和14层。视觉纤维作为一条独特的辅助被盖视觉通路离开主视束，终止于基底视核。同侧视网膜终末出现在外侧膝状核的背侧部和腹侧部、背侧视核、后背部核、基底视核以及视顶盖的第9和12层。在头侧，同侧顶盖纤维沿着顶盖内侧和外侧顶部占据两个区域；这些区域在尾侧汇聚，并沿着顶盖后壁连续。
