Szaro R C, Hensler G, Heinz G H
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1981 May;7(5):789-99. doi: 10.1080/15287398109530020.
No. 2 fuel oil was fed to mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings in concentrations of 0.5 and 5.0% of the diet from hatching to 18 wk of age to assess the effects of chronic oil ingestion during early development. Five growth parameters (body weight, wing length, ninth primary length, tarsal length, and bill length) were depressed in birds receiving a diet containing 5% fuel oil. There was no oil-related mortality. The 5% fuel oil diet impaired avoidance behavior of 9-d-old mallard ducklings compared with controls or ducklings fed 0.5% oil. Open-field activity was greatly increased in 16-wk-old ducklings fed 5.0% oil. Liver hypertrophy and splenic atrophy were gross evidences of pathological effects in birds on the 5.0% oil diet. More subtle effects included biochemical lesions that resulted in the elevation of plasma alanine aminotransferase and ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity.
从孵化到18周龄，以日粮的0.5%和5.0%的浓度将2号燃料油喂给绿头鸭（Anas platyrhynchos）雏鸭，以评估早期发育期间长期摄入油的影响。接受含5%燃料油日粮的鸟类的五个生长参数（体重、翅长、第九主翼羽长度、跗跖长度和喙长）受到抑制。没有与油相关的死亡情况。与对照组或喂食0.5%油的雏鸭相比，5%燃料油日粮损害了9日龄绿头鸭雏鸭的回避行为。在喂食5.0%油的16周龄雏鸭中，旷场活动大大增加。肝脏肥大和脾脏萎缩是食用5.0%油日粮的鸟类出现病理效应的明显证据。更细微的影响包括生化损伤，导致血浆丙氨酸转氨酶和鸟氨酸氨基甲酰转移酶活性升高。
