Turnbaugh K, Guitar B, Hoffman P
J Speech Hear Res. 1981 Jun;24(2):288-91. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2402.288.
Three videotaped recordings were made of an adult male speaking in an interview situation. Tapes differed as a function of the fluency exhibited by the interviewed speaker (i.e., fluent speech, primary stuttering, secondary stuttering). Three audiotapes were recorded from the videotapes yielding six stimulus tapes. Independent groups of college students saw and/or heard one of the stimulus tapes, each described as an interview with a "male who stutters." The fluent audio- and videotapes were replayed to two additional groups but were described only as an interview with a "male." Groups rated the personality of the speaker after tape presentation. Results revealed no difference in personality trait assignment as a function of experimental variables. However, in a second experiment two groups of college students rated a hypothetical normal speaker and hypothetical stutterer as significantly different in personality attributes. Results are discussed with reference to stereotyping behavior.
对一名成年男性在访谈情境下的讲话进行了三次录像。录像带因被访谈者表现出的流利程度而有所不同（即流利讲话、原发性口吃、继发性口吃）。从录像带中录制了三盘录音带，从而产生了六盘刺激磁带。独立的大学生群体观看和/或收听了其中一盘刺激磁带，每盘磁带都被描述为对一名“口吃男性”的访谈。流利的音频和录像带被播放给另外两组人，但只被描述为对一名“男性”的访谈。在播放磁带后，各小组对讲话者的性格进行了评分。结果显示，根据实验变量，在性格特征评定上没有差异。然而，在第二个实验中，两组大学生对一个假设的正常讲话者和假设的口吃者在性格特征上的评价存在显著差异。文中结合刻板印象行为对结果进行了讨论。
