Evaluation and management of infection stones.

In summary, all patients with infection stones should undergo a preoperative diagnostic evaluation in order to identify any underlying metabolic abnormalities. All organisms infecting the urinary tract should be identified and appropriate antibacterial therapy instituted 48 to 72 hours preoperatively. Surgery should be undertaken not only to remove all stones but to correct any anatomic abnormalities within the kidney in order to improve urinary drainage and to diminish urinary stasis and infection. Postoperatively, all recurrent urinary tract infections should be treated vigorously. Continual efforts should be made to maintain a sterile urinary tract. All identified metabolic abnormalities will require appropriate treatment.