Endoscopic application of the Nd: YAG laser in urology; theory, results, dosimetry.

We present the results of experimental and theoretical investigations on the interaction of Nd; YAG laser light with biological tissue in general, and with the bladder in particular. A comparison is made between the thermal effects achieved with this laser and those of the argon and CO2 types. A therapeutically safe yet effective dosage for the endoscopic treatment of bladder tumours with the Nd; YAG laser is given. The operating techniques are described along with the first clinical results.