Johnson V A, Mattern P J
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1978;105:301-16. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3366-1_16.
Substantial genetic, variability for grain protein content in wheat has been identified. In appropriate combinations known genes can increase protein content of wheat grain by 5 percentage points. Productive high protein experimental lines with good agronomic traits and satisfactory processing attributes have been identified. A high protein hard red winter variety developed in Nebraska was released for commercial production in 1975 under the name "Lancota". The high protein of Lancota resides entirely in the starchy endosperm portion of the kernel and is fully transmissible to white milled flour. The high protein of Lancota results from elevated NO3 reductase activity, increased N-absorption by the roots, and more complete translocation of N to the grain. Despite strong environmental influence on wheat protein level, genes for high protein have been demonstrated to effectively increase protein content in many different production environments. Lysine % of protein decreases but lysine % of grain increases as protein is increased. Genetic variability for lysine of sufficient magnitude to overcome the normal depression of lysine % of protein as protein is increased has been uncovered. Experimental lines have been developed in the ARS-Nebraska program in which genes for high protein and high lysine were combined. The lines have been widely distributed for use in other breeding programs.
已确定小麦籽粒蛋白质含量存在显著的遗传变异性。已知基因以适当组合可使小麦籽粒蛋白质含量提高5个百分点。已鉴定出具有良好农艺性状和令人满意加工特性的高产高蛋白实验品系。内布拉斯加州培育出的一个高蛋白硬红冬小麦品种于1975年以“兰科塔”之名投放商业生产。兰科塔的高蛋白完全存在于籽粒的淀粉胚乳部分，并且能完全传递到白面粉中。兰科塔的高蛋白是由于硝酸还原酶活性提高、根系对氮的吸收增加以及氮向籽粒的转运更完全。尽管环境对小麦蛋白质水平有很大影响，但高蛋白基因已被证明能在许多不同的生产环境中有效提高蛋白质含量。随着蛋白质含量增加，蛋白质中的赖氨酸百分比下降，但籽粒中的赖氨酸百分比增加。已发现赖氨酸的遗传变异性足以克服随着蛋白质含量增加蛋白质中赖氨酸百分比的正常下降。美国农业部内布拉斯加州项目已培育出高蛋白和高赖氨酸基因组合的实验品系。这些品系已广泛分发用于其他育种项目。
