Rharrabti Y, Elhani S, Martos-Núñez V, García Del Moral L F
Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
J Agric Food Chem. 2001 Aug;49(8):3802-7. doi: 10.1021/jf001139w.
A major problem for durum wheat production in the Mediterranean region is yield fluctuation. This fluctuation is a result of year-to-year variation in precipitation and heat stress during grain growth, which is typical of the Mediterranean climate. Both yield stability and good quality are needed in adapted durum wheat ideotypes. Ten durum wheat cultivars differing in drought resistance were grown during 1998, under both rainfed and irrigated conditions, at three sites in southern Spain. The main traits studied were protein and lysine content, grain yield, test weight, SDS sedimentation, semolina color, and grain vitreousness. Results show a high influence of site on all traits. Only test weight (TW), SDS sedimentation, grain vitreousness, and protein per kernel appeared to be determined also by cultivar effect. Vitreousness was positively correlated with TW (r = 0.48**) and semolina color (r = 0.46**). An inverse relationship was found between grain yield and protein content. Regression of cultivar mean values of protein content and grain yield showed a negative correlation (r = -0.72***), probably due to dilution of protein by non-nitrogen compounds and reduced starch accumulation in the grain under drought conditions. Lysine content was negatively associated with protein content (r = -0.86***), indicating the difficulty of a simultaneous breeding for both characteristics.
地中海地区硬粒小麦生产面临的一个主要问题是产量波动。这种波动是谷物生长期间年降水量和热胁迫逐年变化的结果，这是地中海气候的典型特征。适应的硬粒小麦理想型需要产量稳定性和良好品质。1998年，在西班牙南部的三个地点，对10个抗旱性不同的硬粒小麦品种进行了雨养和灌溉条件下的种植。研究的主要性状包括蛋白质和赖氨酸含量、籽粒产量、容重、SDS沉降值、粗粉颜色和籽粒玻璃质化程度。结果表明，地点对所有性状都有很大影响。只有容重（TW）、SDS沉降值、籽粒玻璃质化程度和单粒蛋白质含量似乎也受品种效应的影响。玻璃质化程度与容重（r = 0.48**）和粗粉颜色（r = 0.46**）呈正相关。籽粒产量与蛋白质含量呈负相关。品种蛋白质含量平均值与籽粒产量的回归显示出负相关（r = -0.72***），这可能是由于干旱条件下非氮化合物对蛋白质的稀释以及籽粒中淀粉积累减少所致。赖氨酸含量与蛋白质含量呈负相关（r = -0.86***），这表明同时培育这两个性状存在困难。
