Krishnan R, James H M, Bais R, Rofe A M, Edwards J B, Conyers R A
Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1980 Dec;58(6):627-38. doi: 10.1038/icb.1980.65.
The mechanism of adaptation to dietary carbohydrates was investigated by examining cellular metabolism in the liver and gut lumen. The inclusion of 10% (w/w) glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose, sorbitol, xylitol or arabitol in the diet of rats for 7 days had essentially no effect on the ability of liver homogenates to produce 14CO2 from labelled glucose, fructose, xylose, sorbitol or xylitol. Moreover, no major changes were observed in the activities of hepatic enzymes. In these studies, diarrhoea and caecal distension were only observed in those rats receiving dietary sugar alcohols. Rats were also fed 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20% (w/w) xylitol in their diets for periods ranging from 1 to 14 days. These diets caused no significant changes in 16 of the commonly assessed blood parameters which included liver function tests. Xylitol feeding, however, caused distension, caecal gas production, decreases in the pH of caecal contents, the appearance of a fluffy layer in the centrifuged specimens of caecal contents, and diarrhoea. These changes were directly related to the concentration of xylitol in the caecal contents. After various periods, and depending on the concentration of xylitol in the diet, the rats underwent an adaptation which reduced the incidence of diarrhoea. In the short term, dietary xylitol does not affect the function of the liver or the gut wall, but causes an adaptation within the gut microflora. This adaptation leads to the increased ability of gut microflora to utilise xylitol, followed by a subsequent reduction in the caecal osmotic load and diarrhoea.
通过检测肝脏和肠腔内的细胞代谢，对饮食碳水化合物的适应机制进行了研究。在大鼠饮食中添加10%（重量/重量）的葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、木糖、山梨醇、木糖醇或阿拉伯糖醇，持续7天，对肝脏匀浆从标记的葡萄糖、果糖、木糖、山梨醇或木糖醇产生14CO2的能力基本上没有影响。此外，肝脏酶的活性没有观察到重大变化。在这些研究中，腹泻和盲肠扩张仅在那些摄入膳食糖醇的大鼠中观察到。大鼠还分别喂食含0%、2.5%、5%、10%和20%（重量/重量）木糖醇的饮食，持续时间为1至14天。这些饮食对16项常用评估的血液参数（包括肝功能测试）没有引起显著变化。然而，喂食木糖醇会导致扩张、盲肠气体产生、盲肠内容物pH值降低、盲肠内容物离心标本中出现蓬松层以及腹泻。这些变化与盲肠内容物中木糖醇的浓度直接相关。经过不同时间段后，并且取决于饮食中木糖醇的浓度，大鼠会经历一种适应过程，从而降低腹泻的发生率。短期内，膳食木糖醇不会影响肝脏或肠壁的功能，但会引起肠道微生物群的适应。这种适应导致肠道微生物群利用木糖醇的能力增强，随后盲肠渗透压负荷和腹泻会有所减轻。
