Thorner H A
Int J Psychoanal. 1981;62(Pt 1):73-80.
The desire for knowledge, which was much discussed by Freud, Abraham and Melanie Klein, had for many years scarcely been mentioned in the analytical literature until it was taken up again by Bion, but from a different point of view. For Freud the desire for knowledge was related to the sexual instinct-it was even called an epistemological instinct although it was never considered to be an instinct in the narrow sense of the word. Abraham and Klein followed Freud, but in her later writings Klein understood the desire for knowledge as part of the defence against anxiety dur to fantasied damage done by the aggressive instincts. In this paper I discussed Bion's contribution to the psychoanalysis of knowledge in detail and illustrated it by clinical examples. Bion restricts the concept of knowledge to what is knowable and knowledge can only be an approximation to the truth. Interpretations make the truth knowable. The desire for knowledge of the truth is for Bion elementary and necessary for mental health. This view, although different from, is not dissimilar to, Freud's who described the compelling nature of the desire for knowledge as an epistemological instinct.
对知识的渴望，弗洛伊德、亚伯拉罕和梅兰妮·克莱因都曾对此进行过大量讨论，在分析文献中，多年来几乎无人提及，直到比昂重新探讨，但视角有所不同。对弗洛伊德而言，对知识的渴望与性本能相关——它甚至被称为一种认识论本能，尽管它从未被视为狭义上的本能。亚伯拉罕和克莱因追随弗洛伊德，但在她后期的著作中，克莱因将对知识的渴望理解为因攻击性本能造成的幻想性伤害而产生的对焦虑的防御的一部分。在本文中，我详细讨论了比昂对知识精神分析的贡献，并通过临床实例进行了说明。比昂将知识的概念限制在可知的范围内，知识只能是对真理的一种近似。解释使真理变得可知。对比昂来说，对真理知识的渴望是基本的，对心理健康是必要的。这种观点虽然与弗洛伊德不同，但并非毫无相似之处，弗洛伊德将对知识的渴望的强制性本质描述为一种认识论本能。
