Guidotti R J, Grimes D A, Cates W
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1981 Oct 1;141(3):257-61. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(16)32629-1.
Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) has emerged as an important cause of death from legally induced abortion. In the period 1972-1978, 12 probably and three autopsy-confirmed cases of fatal AFE during legally induced abortion were identified in the United States (12% of all deaths from legal abortion). Fourteen deaths from AFE were associated with labor-inducing techniques, and one with hysterotomy. The risk of death appears to be related to gestational age: the death-to-case rate for AFE increases progressively from nil at less than or equal to 12 weeks' gestation to 7.2 deaths per 100,000 abortions at greater than or equal to 21 weeks' gestation. Because treatment is frequently ineffective, prevention of AFE is critical. Performing abortions early in pregnancy and using curettage techniques whenever feasible should reduce the risk of death from this obstetric accident during legally induced abortion.
羊水栓塞（AFE）已成为合法堕胎致死的一个重要原因。在1972年至1978年期间，在美国确认了12例可能的以及3例经尸检确诊的合法堕胎期间致命性羊水栓塞病例（占合法堕胎所致所有死亡的12%）。14例羊水栓塞死亡与引产技术有关，1例与子宫切开术有关。死亡风险似乎与孕周有关：羊水栓塞的病死率从妊娠12周及以内的零逐渐增加到妊娠21周及以上时每10万例堕胎中有7.2例死亡。由于治疗常常无效，预防羊水栓塞至关重要。在妊娠早期进行堕胎并尽可能采用刮宫术应可降低合法堕胎期间这种产科意外的死亡风险。
