Crockenberg S B
Child Dev. 1981 Sep;52(3):857-65.
This study investigates the influence of infant irritability, maternal responsiveness, and social support on the development of secure and anxious infant-mother attachments at 1 year. Infant irritability was assessed during the neonatal period using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, maternal responsiveness to crying was measured during observations at 3 months, and social support was based on interviews also conducted at 3 months. Security of attachment measures were derived from strange-situation videotapes. Results indicate that social support is the best predictor of secure attachment, and that it is most important for mothers with irritable babies. Maternal unresponsiveness is associated with resistance during reunion episodes and appears to be a mechanism through which anxious attachment develops. Some evidence suggests that social support may mitigate the effects of unresponsive mothering by providing the infant with a responsive substitute. Results are discussed in terms of a transactional/contextual model of development.
本研究调查了婴儿易激惹性、母亲反应性和社会支持对1岁时婴儿与母亲形成安全型和焦虑型依恋关系的影响。在新生儿期使用新生儿行为评估量表评估婴儿易激惹性，在3个月大时的观察期间测量母亲对婴儿啼哭的反应性，社会支持基于同样在3个月大时进行的访谈。依恋安全性测量结果来自陌生情境录像带。结果表明，社会支持是安全型依恋的最佳预测指标，对有易激惹婴儿的母亲来说尤为重要。母亲的无反应性与重聚阶段的抗拒有关，似乎是焦虑型依恋形成的一种机制。一些证据表明，社会支持可能通过为婴儿提供一个有反应的替代者来减轻母亲无反应的影响。研究结果依据发展的交互/情境模型进行了讨论。
