Moorthy C V, Reddanna P, Govindappa S
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1981 Jul-Sep;25(3):229-36.
In vivo electrical stimulations were applied to the gastrocnemius muscles of intact frogs for prolonged periods which lead to improved muscular efficiency and delayed onset of fatigue. The muscular strength improvement was correlated to increased tissue contractile proteins and decreased collagen content. Elevated levels of muscular fuels, mitochondrial content, oxidative metabolism in the stimulated muscles were suggested to be responsible for the delayed onset of fatigue. In view in these characteristics regarding the improvement at physical and metabolic levels, the muscles exposed to chronic electrical stimulations were termed as trained muscles. The applicability of electrical stimulations to induce the training effects into the muscles in atrophic and dystrophic conditions to avert the muscle wastings was suggested.
对完整青蛙的腓肠肌进行了长时间的体内电刺激，这导致肌肉效率提高和疲劳 onset 延迟。肌肉力量的提高与组织收缩蛋白增加和胶原蛋白含量降低相关。受刺激肌肉中肌肉燃料水平升高、线粒体含量增加、氧化代谢增强被认为是疲劳 onset 延迟的原因。鉴于这些在物理和代谢水平上的改善特征，暴露于慢性电刺激的肌肉被称为训练有素的肌肉。有人提出电刺激在萎缩和营养不良状态下诱导肌肉产生训练效果以避免肌肉萎缩的适用性。
